CrashCourse

How old is the Earth?: Crash Course Geology #17

3 set 2026

What do iron deposits, fossils, and radioactive meteorites have in common? They’re all keeping records of our geologic history, the unimaginably long period of time that our Earth has been swinging around the sun. In this episode, we’ll look back into geologic time, discovering what we know, how we know it, and what it all means. Introduction: Michigan's Upper Peninsula 00:00 What is geologic time? 0:39 How do we study geologic time? 3:06 How old is Earth, and how do we know? 7:43 Review and Credits 10:34 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: b.sav, Martin G. Diller, Scezumin, Johnathan Williams, Mike Cumings, Jr., Allison Wood, NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, DexcilaDou, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Scezumin, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Emily Beazley, Andrew Woods, DexcilaDou, Roger Harms, UwU, Johnathan Williams, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Stephen Akuffo, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Shruti S, Barbara Pettersen, Gina Mancuso, Dalton Williams, Toni Miles, Mike Cumings, Jr., Quinn Harden, Michael Maher, Jason Terpstra, Matthew Fredericksen, Rie Ohta, Chuck Smith, Allison Wood, David Fanska, Katrix , Chelsea S, b.sav, Brandon Thomas, Steve Segreto, Elizabeth LaBelle, Reed Spilmann, Leah H., NassauLinda, Kevin Knupp, Martin G. Diller, Ken Davidian, oranjeez, Laurel Stevens, Jason Buster, Alan Bridgeman, Samantha, Jason Rostoker, Breanna Bosso, Caleb Weeks, Joseph Ruf, Ken Penttinen, Luke Sluder, Wai Jack Sin, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Matt Curls, Stephen McCandless, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Tandy Ratliff, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Rizwan Kassim, Katie Dean, Ian Dundore, team dorsey, Erminio Di Lodovico, Barrett, Trevin Beattie, Bernardo Garza, Kristina D Knight, Nathan Taylor, Emily T, Constance Urist, Jennifer Killen, Thomas, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Indija-ka, Evol Hong, Scott Harrison, Pietro Gagliardi, Les Aker, Tanner Hedrick __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

The Mystery Behind Earth’s Missing Rocks: Crash Course Geology #16

20 ago 2026

How did over one billion years of history go missing? In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll tour the Grand Canyon and discover how geologists read its rocky layers like chapters in Earth’s biography. We’ll also explore theories about why some of those chapters have disappeared. Introduction - The Grand Canyon 00:00 Strata and Sediment 0:30 Understanding Earth’s Geological Record 3:39 Unconformities 7:30 Review & Credits 10:08 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: b.sav, Martin G. Diller, Scezumin, Johnathan Williams, Mike Cumings, Jr., Allison Wood, NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, DexcilaDou, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Scezumin, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Emily Beazley, Andrew Woods, DexcilaDou, Roger Harms, UwU, Johnathan Williams, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Stephen Akuffo, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Shruti S, Barbara Pettersen, Gina Mancuso, Dalton Williams, Toni Miles, Mike Cumings, Jr., Quinn Harden, Michael Maher, Jason Terpstra, Matthew Fredericksen, Rie Ohta, Chuck Smith, Allison Wood, David Fanska, Katrix , Chelsea S, b.sav, Brandon Thomas, Steve Segreto, Elizabeth LaBelle, Reed Spilmann, Leah H., NassauLinda, Kevin Knupp, Martin G. Diller, Ken Davidian, oranjeez, Laurel Stevens, Jason Buster, Alan Bridgeman, Samantha, Jason Rostoker, Breanna Bosso, Caleb Weeks, Joseph Ruf, Ken Penttinen, Luke Sluder, Wai Jack Sin, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Matt Curls, Stephen McCandless, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Tandy Ratliff, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Rizwan Kassim, Katie Dean, Ian Dundore, team dorsey, Erminio Di Lodovico, Barrett, Trevin Beattie, Bernardo Garza, Kristina D Knight, Nathan Taylor, Emily T, Constance Urist, Jennifer Killen, Thomas, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Indija-ka, Evol Hong, Scott Harrison, Pietro Gagliardi, Les Aker, Tanner Hedrick __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Is it Possible to Prepare for an Earthquake?: Crash Course Geology #15

13 ago 2026

Earthquakes are an unfortunate part of life on a planet with tectonic plates. And while they can be dangerous, we can also be prepared for them. In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we dive deep into earthquake preparedness to help you know what to do when the Big One hits. Introduction: The Big One 00:00 Faults 1:50 Earthquake Proofing 5:00 How to Prepare 9:31 Review & Credits 11:29 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: b.sav, Martin G. Diller, Scezumin, Johnathan Williams, Mike Cumings, Jr., Allison Wood, NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, DexcilaDou, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Scezumin, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Emily Beazley, Andrew Woods, DexcilaDou, Roger Harms, UwU, Johnathan Williams, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Stephen Akuffo, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Shruti S, Barbara Pettersen, Gina Mancuso, Dalton Williams, Toni Miles, Mike Cumings, Jr., Quinn Harden, Michael Maher, Jason Terpstra, Matthew Fredericksen, Rie Ohta, Chuck Smith, Allison Wood, David Fanska, Katrix , Chelsea S, b.sav, Brandon Thomas, Steve Segreto, Elizabeth LaBelle, Reed Spilmann, Leah H., NassauLinda, Kevin Knupp, Martin G. Diller, Ken Davidian, oranjeez, Laurel Stevens, Jason Buster, Alan Bridgeman, Samantha, Jason Rostoker, Breanna Bosso, Caleb Weeks, Joseph Ruf, Ken Penttinen, Luke Sluder, Wai Jack Sin, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Matt Curls, Stephen McCandless, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Tandy Ratliff, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Rizwan Kassim, Katie Dean, Ian Dundore, team dorsey, Erminio Di Lodovico, Barrett, Trevin Beattie, Bernardo Garza, Kristina D Knight, Nathan Taylor, Emily T, Constance Urist, Jennifer Killen, Thomas, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Indija-ka, Evol Hong, Scott Harrison, Pietro Gagliardi, Les Aker, Tanner Hedrick __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Earthquakes Explained: Crash Course Geology #14

6 ago 2026

Can we predict earthquakes before they happen? In this episode, we’ll learn the basics of how and why earthquakes occur, explore how seismic waves help us understand earthquake risks, and discover how we might prevent and protect ourselves from the most damaging shocks. Introduction: Earthquakes 00:00 The Cause of Earthquakes 0:36 Measuring Earthquakes 4:15 Can We Predict Earthquakes 6:51 Review & Credits 9:49 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: b.sav, Martin G. Diller, Scezumin, Johnathan Williams, Mike Cumings, Jr., Allison Wood, NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, DexcilaDou, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Scezumin, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Emily Beazley, Andrew Woods, DexcilaDou, Roger Harms, UwU, Johnathan Williams, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Stephen Akuffo, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Shruti S, Barbara Pettersen, Gina Mancuso, Dalton Williams, Toni Miles, Mike Cumings, Jr., Quinn Harden, Michael Maher, Jason Terpstra, Matthew Fredericksen, Rie Ohta, Chuck Smith, Allison Wood, David Fanska, Katrix , Chelsea S, b.sav, Brandon Thomas, Steve Segreto, Elizabeth LaBelle, Reed Spilmann, Leah H., NassauLinda, Kevin Knupp, Martin G. Diller, Ken Davidian, oranjeez, Laurel Stevens, Jason Buster, Alan Bridgeman, Samantha, Jason Rostoker, Breanna Bosso, Caleb Weeks, Joseph Ruf, Ken Penttinen, Luke Sluder, Wai Jack Sin, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Matt Curls, Stephen McCandless, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Tandy Ratliff, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Rizwan Kassim, Katie Dean, Ian Dundore, team dorsey, Erminio Di Lodovico, Barrett, Trevin Beattie, Bernardo Garza, Kristina D Knight, Nathan Taylor, Emily T, Constance Urist, Jennifer Killen, Thomas, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Indija-ka, Evol Hong, Scott Harrison, Pietro Gagliardi, Les Aker, Tanner Hedrick __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Volcanoes Explained: Crash Course Geology #13

23 lug 2026

From Krakatoa to Pompeii to Mount Saint Helens, volcanoes can do some major damage. But they’re not just killing machines! In this video we’ll explore one of geology’s hottest creations — how they work, where they come from, and just how dangerous they really are. Introduction: Lake Taupo 00:00 What is a volcano? 1:11 How volcanoes form 3:07 Yellowstone Volcano 5:42 Risk of Eruptions 8:01 Review & Credits 9:57 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

The Deepest Point in the World: Crash Course Geology #12

16 lug 2026

There’s a lot going on under the sea, and we’re not talking about singing crabs! From hydrothermal vents to trenches so deep you could fit Mount Everest inside them with room to spare. Come with us as we explore marine geology, the science of “what the heck is going on with the ocean floor?" Introduction: Deep Sea Life 00:00 Oceanography 0:44 The Ocean Floor 1:51 Hydrothermal Vents & Trenches 4:20 Ocean Currents 7:48 Review & Credits 10:12 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

How Do Mountains Form?: Crash Course Geology #11

9 lug 2026

What can lift ocean creatures up to the top of Everest, bend rocks, cause earthquakes, and sink parts of continents under the sea? Join us on this week’s episode of Crash Course Geology as we investigate how some of the coolest geological forces around make mountains, faults, and may even one day turn Africa into a series of islands! Introduction: Mount Everest Fossils 00:00 Creating Faults 0:57 How Mountains are Made 4:05 How Valleys are Made 6:45 Review & Credits 8:24 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

What is Plate Tectonics: Crash Course Geology #10

25 giu 2026

A long, long time ago, Earth was home to one giant super continent. So, what happened? In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll break down plate tectonics and how it shapes Earth’s past, present, and future. Introduction: The Ring of Fire 00:00 Plate Tectonics 0:34 Continental Drift 4:39 Future Continental Shifts 7:46 Review & Credits 8:46 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

How Water Shapes the Land: Crash Course Geology #9

18 giu 2026

Drop by drop, water has the power to break rock and create whole new landforms. But how? In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll trace how the water cycle works and how this humble geological force sculpts the land as we know it—faster than you might think. Introduction: Channeled Scablands 00:00 Weathering and Erosion 0:44 Groundwater 4:21 Floods 6:04 Review & Credits 9:19 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Where Do Diamonds Come From?: Crash Course Geology #8

11 giu 2026

Diamonds are a girl’s best friend. But they’re so much more than that. They’re sources of power, wealth, and conflict. They’re tickets into Earth’s deep, ancient past. (And they’re super duper cursed. Well, some of them. Maybe.) Join us to learn more about where these strange gems come from, and the hold they’ve had over us for thousands of years. Learn more with these resources: International Gem Society: Conflict-Free Diamonds: What Does it Mean? https://www.gemsociety.org/article/conflict-free-diamonds/ Human Rights Watch: The Hidden Cost of Jewelry https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/02/08/hidden-cost-jewelry/human-rights-supply-chains-and-responsibility-jewelry Time: Blood Diamonds https://time.com/blood-diamonds/ Introduction - Curse of the Hope Diamond 00:00 How a Diamond Forms 0:38 Diamonds Aren't that Rare 3:28 Lab-Grown Diamonds 6:01 Blood Diamonds 7:49 Review & Credits 9:10 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

How Do Gems Form?: Crash Course Geology #7

4 giu 2026

For most of human history, one thing has been true – we LOVE shiny things. Gems are the crown jewels (pun intended) of geology, and for thousands of years, we’ve wanted to know all about them. In today’s episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll explore some of those burning questions, like, what are they? Where do they come from? And are they actually that special? Learn more with these resources: Human Rights Watch: The Hidden Cost of Jewelry https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/02/08/hidden-cost-jewelry/human-rights-supply-chains-and-responsibility-jewelry Gemological Institute of America: The Color of Responsibility: Ethical Issues and Solutions in Colored Gemstones https://www.gia.edu/doc/GG-SU16-Archuleta.pdf Introduction: King Tut's Space Gem 00:00 What is a Gem 0:38 Gem Qualities 3:45 The Gem Trade 6:46 Review and Credits 8:42 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

The Rock Episode: Crash Course Geology #6

21 mag 2026

Where do rocks come from? In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll discover how the rock cycle transforms one type of rock into another, while recycling Earth’s materials over and over again. Introduction: Los Cuernos del Paine 00:00 Sedimentary Rock 2:25 Igneous Rock 4:02 Metamorphic Rock 5:20 The Rock Cycle 6:19 Review & Credits 7:56 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Katrix , Elizabeth LaBelle, Dalton Williams, Shruti S, Kevin Knupp, Michael Maher, Chelsea S, SpaceRangerWes, Johnathan Williams, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Toni Miles, Evan Nelson, Chuck Smith, Stephen Akuffo, Reed Spilmann, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Quinn Harden, UwU, Mike Cumings, Jr., Brandon Thomas, David Fanska, Barbara Pettersen, Mitch Gresko, DexcilaDou, Ken Davidian, Andrew Woods, Gina Mancuso, AThirstyPhilosopher ., NassauLinda, Jason Terpstra, Leah H., oranjeez, Allison Wood, Emily Beazley, Roger Harms, Rie Ohta, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Triad Terrace, Jennifer Killen, Joseph Ruf, Trevin Beattie, ClareG, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Kristina D Knight, Alex Hackman, Jason Buster, Rizwan Kassim, team dorsey, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Barrett, Bernardo Garza, Scott Harrison, Laurel Stevens, Thomas, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Ian Dundore, Ken Penttinen, Erminio Di Lodovico, Constance Urist, Samantha, Perry Joyce, Tanner Hedrick, Steve Segreto, Stephen McCandless, Eric Koslow, Evol Hong, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Tandy Ratliff, Matt Curls, Katie Dean, Wai Jack Sin, Jason Rostoker, Krystle Young, Les Aker, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

How Do Minerals Form?: Crash Course Geology #5

14 mag 2026

Minerals are amazing and they’re all around us, in the food we eat and even in our very bones. But what actually is a mineral? In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll learn the basics of mineral identification and uncover the surprising connections between minerals and life itself. Introduction: Table Salt 00:00 What is a Mineral 0:34 Identifying Minerals 2:35 Minerals and Life 7:25 Review & Credits 8:48 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Katrix , Elizabeth LaBelle, Dalton Williams, Shruti S, Kevin Knupp, Michael Maher, Chelsea S, SpaceRangerWes, Johnathan Williams, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Toni Miles, Evan Nelson, Chuck Smith, Stephen Akuffo, Reed Spilmann, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Quinn Harden, UwU, Mike Cumings, Jr., Brandon Thomas, David Fanska, Barbara Pettersen, Mitch Gresko, DexcilaDou, Ken Davidian, Andrew Woods, Gina Mancuso, AThirstyPhilosopher ., NassauLinda, Jason Terpstra, Leah H., oranjeez, Allison Wood, Emily Beazley, Roger Harms, Rie Ohta, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Triad Terrace, Jennifer Killen, Joseph Ruf, Trevin Beattie, ClareG, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Kristina D Knight, Alex Hackman, Jason Buster, Rizwan Kassim, team dorsey, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Barrett, Bernardo Garza, Scott Harrison, Laurel Stevens, Thomas, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Ian Dundore, Ken Penttinen, Erminio Di Lodovico, Constance Urist, Samantha, Perry Joyce, Tanner Hedrick, Steve Segreto, Stephen McCandless, Eric Koslow, Evol Hong, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Tandy Ratliff, Matt Curls, Katie Dean, Wai Jack Sin, Jason Rostoker, Krystle Young, Les Aker, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

What’s at the center of the earth?: Crash Course Geology #4

7 mag 2026

The crust and the mantle are cool, but Earth’s real hero is its core, which helps protect us from all kinds of stuff. In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll take a journey to the center of the Earth to meet our hero, the core. Introduction: A Cold War Mystery 00:00 Discovering the Core 0:47 The Magnetosphere 3:54 Solar Events 5:38 Shifting Magnetic Poles 7:43 Review & Credits 8:58 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Katrix , Elizabeth LaBelle, Dalton Williams, Shruti S, Kevin Knupp, Michael Maher, Chelsea S, SpaceRangerWes, Johnathan Williams, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Toni Miles, Evan Nelson, Chuck Smith, Stephen Akuffo, Reed Spilmann, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Quinn Harden, UwU, Mike Cumings, Jr., Brandon Thomas, David Fanska, Barbara Pettersen, Mitch Gresko, DexcilaDou, Ken Davidian, Andrew Woods, Gina Mancuso, AThirstyPhilosopher ., NassauLinda, Jason Terpstra, Leah H., oranjeez, Allison Wood, Emily Beazley, Roger Harms, Rie Ohta, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Triad Terrace, Jennifer Killen, Joseph Ruf, Trevin Beattie, ClareG, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Kristina D Knight, Alex Hackman, Jason Buster, Rizwan Kassim, team dorsey, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Barrett, Bernardo Garza, Scott Harrison, Laurel Stevens, Thomas, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Ian Dundore, Ken Penttinen, Erminio Di Lodovico, Constance Urist, Samantha, Perry Joyce, Tanner Hedrick, Steve Segreto, Stephen McCandless, Eric Koslow, Evol Hong, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Tandy Ratliff, Matt Curls, Katie Dean, Wai Jack Sin, Jason Rostoker, Krystle Young, Les Aker, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Earth's Crust and Mantle Explained: Crash Course Geology #3

23 apr 2026

Nobody has made it to the center of the Earth—but not for lack of trying. In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll journey through the crust and mantle that make up ⅔ of our planet’s insides. We’ll uncover how these layers affect our lives on the surface, and how geologists discover more about them without traveling into Earth’s depths themselves. Introduction: Kola Superdeep Borehole 00:00 Project Mohole 0:40 The Earth's Crust 3:23 The Earth's Mantle 5:33 Review & Credits 9:15 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, Michael Maher, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Stephen Akuffo, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, UwU, David Fanska, oranjeez, Brandon Thomas, Toni Miles, Elizabeth LaBelle, Emily Beazley, Leah H., Rie Ohta, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Tanner Hedrick, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Les Aker, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Pietro Gagliardi, Alan Bridgeman, Stephen McCandless, Alex Hackman, Steve Segreto, Liz Wdow, Constance Urist, Thomas, Katie Dean, ClareG, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jennifer Killen, Kristina D Knight, Nathan Taylor, John Lee, Evol Hong, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Emily T, Breanna Bosso, Bernardo Garza, Rizwan Kassim, Jason Buster, Wai Jack Sin, Scott Harrison, Triad Terrace, Ian Dundore, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Ken Penttinen, Barrett, Krystle Young, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, Erminio Di Lodovico, Perry Joyce, Siobhán, team dorsey, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks, Tandy Ratliff __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

How did Earth form?: Crash Course Geology #2

16 apr 2026

What can a moon rock tell us about Earth’s distant past? All kinds of stuff! Like where its water came from, how it got its moon, and what its birth might have looked like. In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll stroll down memory lane with the Earth’s baby book, and learn about some of the ways it might have formed. Introduction: An Earth Rock on the Moon 00:00 How the Earth Formed 0:36 How the Moon Formed 3:39 Where Earth's water came from 6:53 Where Earth's atmosphere came from 8:01 Review and Credits 8:48 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, Michael Maher, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Stephen Akuffo, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, UwU, David Fanska, oranjeez, Brandon Thomas, Toni Miles, Elizabeth LaBelle, Emily Beazley, Leah H., Rie Ohta, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Tanner Hedrick, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Les Aker, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Pietro Gagliardi, Alan Bridgeman, Stephen McCandless, Alex Hackman, Steve Segreto, Liz Wdow, Constance Urist, Thomas, Katie Dean, ClareG, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jennifer Killen, Kristina D Knight, Nathan Taylor, John Lee, Evol Hong, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Emily T, Breanna Bosso, Bernardo Garza, Rizwan Kassim, Jason Buster, Wai Jack Sin, Scott Harrison, Triad Terrace, Ian Dundore, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Ken Penttinen, Barrett, Krystle Young, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, Erminio Di Lodovico, Perry Joyce, Siobhán, team dorsey, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks, Tandy Ratliff __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Intro to Geology: Crash Course Geology #1

9 apr 2026

There’s no place like Earth—and we’ve got the planet’s spectacular, one-of-a-kind geology to thank for it. In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll explore how geology touches our lives, helps us solve mysteries about the planet’s past and its future, and puts our world life in perspective. Introduction: More Than Rocks 00:00 What is Geology 0:40 Fall Lines and Settlement Patterns 3:37 Jobs of Geologists 5:58 Review and Credits 7:59 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, Michael Maher, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Stephen Akuffo, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, UwU, David Fanska, oranjeez, Brandon Thomas, Toni Miles, Elizabeth LaBelle, Emily Beazley, Leah H., Rie Ohta, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Tanner Hedrick, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Les Aker, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Pietro Gagliardi, Alan Bridgeman, Stephen McCandless, Alex Hackman, Steve Segreto, Liz Wdow, Constance Urist, Thomas, Katie Dean, ClareG, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jennifer Killen, Kristina D Knight, Nathan Taylor, John Lee, Evol Hong, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Emily T, Breanna Bosso, Bernardo Garza, Rizwan Kassim, Jason Buster, Wai Jack Sin, Scott Harrison, Triad Terrace, Ian Dundore, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Ken Penttinen, Barrett, Krystle Young, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, Erminio Di Lodovico, Perry Joyce, Siobhán, team dorsey, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks, Tandy Ratliff __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Crash Course Geology Preview

2 apr 2026

Welcome to Crash Course Geology! Over the course of 25 episodes, Sage will introduce you to the incredible geological forces, cycles, and processes that shape our world. This series will explore how geology touches all of our lives — and connects us to a much bigger story. Course Description In 25 episodes, we’re going to learn about geology—the study of Earth’s physical structure and processes. Our host, Sage, will teach you about the geological forces and cycles that shape our planet’s past, present, and future. This content is based on an introductory university-level curriculum. By the end of this course, you should be able to: Trace Earth’s development from its earliest periods to its current structure Understand the forces of plate tectonics and how they shape Earth’s landscape Describe the formation of geologic elements like minerals, rocks, and gems Identify geologic forces and cycles that impact the earth, while dispelling myths about extreme geological hazards Learn what geology reveals about Earth’s distant past and what it can teach us about our current changing climate Explore the geology of other planets within the context of Earth’s unique and common qualities and phenomena Become familiar with different specialities within geology and what different types of geologists do Key texts cited include: Marshak, Stephen. 2021. Earth: Portrait of a Planet, Seventh Edition. Babcock, Loren E. 2009. Gemstones and Precious Metals. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, Michael Maher, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Stephen Akuffo, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, UwU, David Fanska, oranjeez, Brandon Thomas, Toni Miles, Elizabeth LaBelle, Emily Beazley, Leah H., Rie Ohta, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Tanner Hedrick, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Les Aker, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Pietro Gagliardi, Alan Bridgeman, Stephen McCandless, Alex Hackman, Steve Segreto, Liz Wdow, Constance Urist, Thomas, Katie Dean, ClareG, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jennifer Killen, Kristina D Knight, Nathan Taylor, John Lee, Evol Hong, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Emily T, Breanna Bosso, Bernardo Garza, Rizwan Kassim, Jason Buster, Wai Jack Sin, Scott Harrison, Triad Terrace, Ian Dundore, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Ken Penttinen, Barrett, Krystle Young, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, Erminio Di Lodovico, Perry Joyce, Siobhán, team dorsey, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks, Tandy Ratliff __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

What Happens When Science Clashes with the Public?: Crash Course Scientific Thinking #7

17 mar 2026

We know smoking causes cancer. But the journey to that knowledge is way wilder than you think. In our last episode of Crash Course Scientific Thinking, we’ll explore what happens when scientific research clashes with public opinion, individual values, and corporate interests. Introduction: Smoking Causes Cancer 00:00 Empirical Evidence 0:39 Researching Lung Cancer 1:54 Manufactured Doubt 4:15 The Fall of Tobacco 7:03 Individual Choice & Values 7:36 Takeaways from the War on Smoking 8:31 Review & Credits 10:43 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kv2_mFsDxQURuFDxpflD45dy-pCxlqnM9iPSNYxigmQ/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.vk5i2fgqyumq *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, Michael Maher, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Stephen Akuffo, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, UwU, David Fanska, oranjeez, Brandon Thomas, Toni Miles, Elizabeth LaBelle, Emily Beazley, Leah H., Rie Ohta, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Tanner Hedrick, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Les Aker, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Pietro Gagliardi, Alan Bridgeman, Stephen McCandless, Alex Hackman, Steve Segreto, Liz Wdow, Constance Urist, Thomas, Katie Dean, ClareG, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jennifer Killen, Kristina D Knight, Nathan Taylor, John Lee, Evol Hong, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Emily T, Breanna Bosso, Bernardo Garza, Rizwan Kassim, Jason Buster, Wai Jack Sin, Scott Harrison, Triad Terrace, Ian Dundore, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Ken Penttinen, Barrett, Krystle Young, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, Erminio Di Lodovico, Perry Joyce, Siobhán, team dorsey, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks, Tandy Ratliff __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Evaluating Sources & Fact Checking: Crash Course Scientific Thinking #6

10 mar 2026

Are you consuming a credit card’s worth of misinformation every week? In this episode of Crash Course Scientific Thinking, we’ll learn how to check facts and evaluate sources, so we can figure out what science coverage to believe, and what to ignore. Introduction: Eating Plastic? 00:00 WWF Study and Types of Sources 0:26 The SIFT Method 4:02 Evaluating Sources 7:42 Review & Credits 9:01 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kv2_mFsDxQURuFDxpflD45dy-pCxlqnM9iPSNYxigmQ/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.vk5i2fgqyumq *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Liz Wdow, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

How Scientists Build Consensus: Crash Course Scientific Thinking #5

3 mar 2026

Why is there consensus around atoms existing, but not around if chocolate is good for you? In this episode of Crash Course Scientific Thinking, we’ll explore why there are still things we don’t know about topics we know a lot about, and why scientific consensus is the closest thing to “the truth.” Introduction: Scientific Uncertainty 00:00 Scientific Consensus 0:33 Atomic Theory 1:28 Nutrition Science 4:21 Changing Consensus 6:48 Scientific Consensus in our Everyday Lives 7:26 Review & Credits 9:14 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kv2_mFsDxQURuFDxpflD45dy-pCxlqnM9iPSNYxigmQ/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.vk5i2fgqyumq *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Liz Wdow, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Reading & Writing Latin American literature: Crash Course Latin American Literature #13

26 feb 2026

Literature doesn’t begin and end when a writer puts words on a page. In our final episode of Crash Course Latin American Literature, we’ll explore how literature is shaped by readers and translators, too. Introduction: A Mysterious Library 00:00 "La Biblioteca de Babel" 0:39 Roberto Bolaño 3:14 Translation 5:20 Review & Credits 8:56 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eE7g4-k6PD7C6wNBzeJIO8GCDHpoJl8ldDjKyq_2yYg/edit?tab=t.0 To learn more, check out these videos: https://youtu.be/YWNcCs__vQg?si=_wYs4tsONAaVxhF0 https://youtu.be/Hlpv7nKt81A?si=yosEHoKHsVELOKBT https://youtu.be/rjhIzemLdos?si=tnGlApmXWA4Rz-em https://youtu.be/ZBw35Ze3bg8?si=SbYqxJZM54AHr0IR https://youtu.be/MSYw502dJNY?si=861vBgxaeBf0sXaT Check out our CC Latin America Extra Curricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPTzMxnHVWhrV8dUZM0qL34 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Liz Wdow, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Film & Literature: Crash Course Latin American Literature #12

19 feb 2026

Lights, camera, action! Latin American literature intersects with all sorts of other kinds of art, including film. In this episode of Crash Course Latin American Literature, we explore the exchange between these two art forms, and how one piece of pop culture can help illuminate another. Introduction: At the Movies 00:00 Manuel Puig 0:35 Alberto Fuguet & McOndo 3:49 Book-to-Screen Adaptations 7:46 Review & Credits 10:05 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eE7g4-k6PD7C6wNBzeJIO8GCDHpoJl8ldDjKyq_2yYg/edit?tab=t.0 To learn more, check out these videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtN-Bd-H_TGq72CN50Fpv_JX https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOCicti5dwLAKuesMQVi7hw https://youtu.be/_wx8XooVlVs?si=eiluqnk2O5ww3Kdm https://youtu.be/ftcvaJCKVjs?si=vO15MjvCWidAd-J6 https://youtu.be/YWNcCs__vQg?si=_wYs4tsONAaVxhF0 https://youtu.be/Hlpv7nKt81A?si=yosEHoKHsVELOKBT Check out our CC Latin America Extra Curricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPTzMxnHVWhrV8dUZM0qL34 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mitch Gresko, Roger Harms, Brandon Thomas, Ken Davidian, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Johnathan Williams, Chelsea S, oranjeez, EllenBryn, Katrix , Evan Nelson, Shruti S, UwU, Leah H., Allison Wood, Thomas Sully, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Quinn Harden, Chuck Smith, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Rie Ohta, Jason Terpstra, NassauLinda, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Gina Mancuso, Elizabeth LaBelle, DexcilaDou, Barbara Pettersen, SpaceRangerWes, Emily Beazley, David Fanska, Reed Spilmann, Pietro Gagliardi, Jason Rostoker, Toni Miles, Les Aker, Alex Hackman, Liz Wdow, Wai Jack Sin, team dorsey, Rizwan Kassim, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Triad Terrace, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, ClareG, Emily T, Kristina D Knight, Stephen McCandless, Barrett, Bernardo Garza, Katie Dean, Laurel Stevens, Ian Dundore, Thomas, Trevin Beattie, Steve Segreto, Joseph Ruf, Nathan Taylor, Constance Urist, Jason Buster, Stephen Akuffo, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Perry Joyce, Ken Penttinen, Tanner Hedrick, Scott Harrison, Jennifer Killen, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Samantha, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Erminio Di Lodovico, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Peer Review and the Quest for Truth: Crash Course Scientific Thinking #4

17 feb 2026

In 2010, a NASA-backed study boldly announced that we’d found alien life right here on Earth. So where are all these aliens? In this episode of Crash Course Scientific Thinking, we search for the truth and learn how science is an ongoing quest for knowledge that double-checks itself through peer review. Introduction: Alien Life? 00:00 Arsenic-based Life 0:28 Peer Review 2:55 Replication 6:06 The Scientific Process 8:25 Review & Credits 9:25 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kv2_mFsDxQURuFDxpflD45dy-pCxlqnM9iPSNYxigmQ/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.vk5i2fgqyumq *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mitch Gresko, Roger Harms, Brandon Thomas, Ken Davidian, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Johnathan Williams, Chelsea S, oranjeez, EllenBryn, Katrix , Evan Nelson, Shruti S, UwU, Leah H., Allison Wood, Thomas Sully, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Quinn Harden, Chuck Smith, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Rie Ohta, Jason Terpstra, NassauLinda, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Gina Mancuso, Elizabeth LaBelle, DexcilaDou, Barbara Pettersen, SpaceRangerWes, Emily Beazley, David Fanska, Reed Spilmann, Pietro Gagliardi, Jason Rostoker, Toni Miles, Les Aker, Alex Hackman, Liz Wdow, Wai Jack Sin, team dorsey, Rizwan Kassim, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Triad Terrace, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, ClareG, Emily T, Kristina D Knight, Stephen McCandless, Barrett, Bernardo Garza, Katie Dean, Laurel Stevens, Ian Dundore, Thomas, Trevin Beattie, Steve Segreto, Joseph Ruf, Nathan Taylor, Constance Urist, Jason Buster, Stephen Akuffo, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Perry Joyce, Ken Penttinen, Tanner Hedrick, Scott Harrison, Jennifer Killen, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Samantha, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Erminio Di Lodovico, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

How Does Science Really Work? The Myth of the Great Experiment: Crash Course Scientific Thinking #3

10 feb 2026

Sometimes experiments radically change our understanding of the world. But there’s much more to them than singular scientists. In this episode of Crash Course Scientific Thinking, we’ll learn why Louis Pasteur wasn’t a lone genius, and why it’s very difficult to design a study that gets us closer to the truth. Introduction: A Lone Genius 00:00 The Scientific Community 0:32 Louis Pasteur & Germ Theory 1:20 Pasteur's Next Experiments 3:55 Observational Science 6:08 Ethical Experimentation 7:57 Review & Credits 9:34 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kv2_mFsDxQURuFDxpflD45dy-pCxlqnM9iPSNYxigmQ/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.vk5i2fgqyumq *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mitch Gresko, Roger Harms, Brandon Thomas, Ken Davidian, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Johnathan Williams, Chelsea S, oranjeez, EllenBryn, Katrix , Evan Nelson, Shruti S, UwU, Leah H., Allison Wood, Thomas Sully, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Quinn Harden, Chuck Smith, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Rie Ohta, Jason Terpstra, NassauLinda, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Gina Mancuso, Elizabeth LaBelle, DexcilaDou, Barbara Pettersen, SpaceRangerWes, Emily Beazley, David Fanska, Reed Spilmann, Pietro Gagliardi, Jason Rostoker, Toni Miles, Les Aker, Alex Hackman, Liz Wdow, Wai Jack Sin, team dorsey, Rizwan Kassim, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Triad Terrace, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, ClareG, Emily T, Kristina D Knight, Stephen McCandless, Barrett, Bernardo Garza, Katie Dean, Laurel Stevens, Ian Dundore, Thomas, Trevin Beattie, Steve Segreto, Joseph Ruf, Nathan Taylor, Constance Urist, Jason Buster, Stephen Akuffo, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Perry Joyce, Ken Penttinen, Tanner Hedrick, Scott Harrison, Jennifer Killen, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Samantha, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Erminio Di Lodovico, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

How has technology influenced literature?: Crash Course Latin American Literature #11

5 feb 2026

Science and technology have existed in Latin America since well before Columbus arrived. But how have they impacted literature? In this episode of Crash Course Latin American Literature, we’ll trace technological developments from the calendars of the Maya to WWII’s weapons of mass destruction—and uncover the creative ways writers have responded to them. Introduction: A QR Poem 00:00 STEM in Pre-Colonial Latin America 0:53 "El Eclipse" 1:47 Creacionismo & "Altazor" 2:31 The Crack Movement 5:42 "En Busca de Klingsor" 6:51 Review & Credits 8:56 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eE7g4-k6PD7C6wNBzeJIO8GCDHpoJl8ldDjKyq_2yYg/edit?tab=t.0 To learn more, check out these videos: https://youtu.be/NjEGncridoQ?si=2YRF1cm8oVVUzIdn https://youtu.be/dCBDUDwaeCA?si=LS1Whq_J_2MTZUPi https://youtu.be/_XPZQ0LAlR4?si=GXluosRg_bZ2eHLg https://youtu.be/Objoad6rG6U?si=Muz0EIFL42c9JGdV https://youtu.be/Q78COTwT7nE?si=XQwXmgVwWyhuBct1 https://youtu.be/NgVSHXOz3jI?si=O4b5n0yPA-Hg83Ve https://youtu.be/w4q1fG1vh5I?si=Pl7LyUA7eaNQCcdm Check out our CC Latin America Extra Curricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPTzMxnHVWhrV8dUZM0qL34 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mitch Gresko, Roger Harms, Brandon Thomas, Ken Davidian, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Johnathan Williams, Chelsea S, oranjeez, EllenBryn, Katrix , Evan Nelson, Shruti S, UwU, Leah H., Allison Wood, Thomas Sully, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Quinn Harden, Chuck Smith, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Rie Ohta, Jason Terpstra, NassauLinda, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Gina Mancuso, Elizabeth LaBelle, DexcilaDou, Barbara Pettersen, SpaceRangerWes, Emily Beazley, David Fanska, Reed Spilmann, Pietro Gagliardi, Jason Rostoker, Toni Miles, Les Aker, Alex Hackman, Liz Wdow, Wai Jack Sin, team dorsey, Rizwan Kassim, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Triad Terrace, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, ClareG, Emily T, Kristina D Knight, Stephen McCandless, Barrett, Bernardo Garza, Katie Dean, Laurel Stevens, Ian Dundore, Thomas, Trevin Beattie, Steve Segreto, Joseph Ruf, Nathan Taylor, Constance Urist, Jason Buster, Stephen Akuffo, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Perry Joyce, Ken Penttinen, Tanner Hedrick, Scott Harrison, Jennifer Killen, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Samantha, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Erminio Di Lodovico, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Animals & Shapeshifters: Crash Course Latin American Literature #10

29 gen 2026

Fish and insects and dogs—oh my! In this episode of Crash Course Latin American Literature, we’ll explore how all things fuzzy, buzzy, and ferocious can help us understand our own human nature. Introduction: Latin American Animals 00:00 António Vieira 0:46 Alejo Carpentier 3:34 Pilar Quintana 6:27 Review & Credits 8:54 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eE7g4-k6PD7C6wNBzeJIO8GCDHpoJl8ldDjKyq_2yYg/edit?tab=t.0 To learn more, check out these videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyv-eJRRozs https://youtu.be/dCBDUDwaeCA?si=YKQw_pwoCFj1i5dr https://youtu.be/NjEGncridoQ?si=pG_wBy4SXv07WiBZ https://youtu.be/RzHbL0ByeLY?si=UB4lKEPd92WiOkOYJesuits: https://youtu.be/5A_o-nU5s2U?si=lQYJP7Z3qvsa6pne Check out our CC Latin America Extra Curricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPTzMxnHVWhrV8dUZM0qL34 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mitch Gresko, Roger Harms, Brandon Thomas, Ken Davidian, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Johnathan Williams, Chelsea S, oranjeez, EllenBryn, Katrix , Evan Nelson, Shruti S, UwU, Leah H., Allison Wood, Thomas Sully, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Quinn Harden, Chuck Smith, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Rie Ohta, Jason Terpstra, NassauLinda, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Gina Mancuso, Elizabeth LaBelle, DexcilaDou, Barbara Pettersen, SpaceRangerWes, Emily Beazley, David Fanska, Reed Spilmann, Pietro Gagliardi, Jason Rostoker, Toni Miles, Les Aker, Alex Hackman, Liz Wdow, Wai Jack Sin, team dorsey, Rizwan Kassim, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Triad Terrace, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, ClareG, Emily T, Kristina D Knight, Stephen McCandless, Barrett, Bernardo Garza, Katie Dean, Laurel Stevens, Ian Dundore, Thomas, Trevin Beattie, Steve Segreto, Joseph Ruf, Nathan Taylor, Constance Urist, Jason Buster, Stephen Akuffo, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Perry Joyce, Ken Penttinen, Tanner Hedrick, Scott Harrison, Jennifer Killen, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Samantha, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Erminio Di Lodovico, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Statistical Thinking in Science: Crash Course Scientific Thinking #2

27 gen 2026

We’re all gonna die someday. But can statistics help us know when? In this episode of Crash Course Scientific Thinking, we’ll learn how to interpret the statistics we see in our daily lives. And we’ll explore why we need stats to make informed judgments, be more precise about what we don’t know, and get closer to what we can know. Introduction: When Will I Die? 00:00 Basic Statistics 0:44 Confidence Intervals 4:14 Relative & Absolute Risk 5:32 Correlation vs. Causation 7:22 Review & Credits 9:45 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kv2_mFsDxQURuFDxpflD45dy-pCxlqnM9iPSNYxigmQ/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.vk5i2fgqyumq *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mitch Gresko, Roger Harms, Brandon Thomas, Ken Davidian, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Johnathan Williams, Chelsea S, oranjeez, EllenBryn, Katrix , Evan Nelson, Shruti S, UwU, Leah H., Allison Wood, Thomas Sully, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Quinn Harden, Chuck Smith, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Rie Ohta, Jason Terpstra, NassauLinda, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Gina Mancuso, Elizabeth LaBelle, DexcilaDou, Barbara Pettersen, SpaceRangerWes, Emily Beazley, David Fanska, Reed Spilmann, Pietro Gagliardi, Jason Rostoker, Toni Miles, Les Aker, Alex Hackman, Liz Wdow, Wai Jack Sin, team dorsey, Rizwan Kassim, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Triad Terrace, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, ClareG, Emily T, Kristina D Knight, Stephen McCandless, Barrett, Bernardo Garza, Katie Dean, Laurel Stevens, Ian Dundore, Thomas, Trevin Beattie, Steve Segreto, Joseph Ruf, Nathan Taylor, Constance Urist, Jason Buster, Stephen Akuffo, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Perry Joyce, Ken Penttinen, Tanner Hedrick, Scott Harrison, Jennifer Killen, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Samantha, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Erminio Di Lodovico, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Introduction to Cognitive Bias: Crash Course Scientific Thinking #1

20 gen 2026

Ever fallen for fake news on social media because it felt real? Or found yourself afraid to go in the ocean after watching too many videos about sharks? In this episode of Crash Course Scientific Thinking, we explore how cognitive bias shapes the way we think about the world, and how scientific thinking can help us overcome it. Introduction: Earth as the Center 00:00 Recognizing Patterns 0:44 Common Cognitive Biases 2:44 Overcoming Bias Through Science 6:02 How to Combat Cognitive Bias 8:53 Review & Credits 10:18 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kv2_mFsDxQURuFDxpflD45dy-pCxlqnM9iPSNYxigmQ/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.vk5i2fgqyumq *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, EllenBryn, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Thomas Sully, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Katie Hoban, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Liz Wdow, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Family, Power, and Legacy: Crash Course Latin American Literature #9

15 gen 2026

Families are personal—but they can also be political. In this episode of Crash Course Latin American Literature, we’ll take a look at a 19th-century romance novel and poems about motherhood. But we’ll also compare two contemporary novels about growing up—and relating to the people who raised you. Introduction: Mi Pueblito 00:00 Romance Novels 0:34 "Iracema" 1:14 Gabriela Mistral 3:18 "I Am Not Your Perfect Mexican Daughter" 5:29 "We the Animals" 7:57 Review & Credits 10:15 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eE7g4-k6PD7C6wNBzeJIO8GCDHpoJl8ldDjKyq_2yYg/edit?tab=t.0 To learn more, check out these videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7cOwQQDI7o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaeiCEro0iU https://youtu.be/v6xi8_7Fy6Y?si=PH_2g3yFvT6XhtW4 https://youtu.be/ZBw35Ze3bg8?si=P4HnEqr1_rEP2YGv https://youtu.be/_wx8XooVlVs?si=g7sdCvl5zT_tRbr1 Check out our CC Latin America Extra Curricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPTzMxnHVWhrV8dUZM0qL34 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, EllenBryn, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Thomas Sully, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Katie Hoban, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Liz Wdow, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids