Gary Gallagher: American Civil War, Slavery, Lincoln, Grant & Lee | Lex Fridman Podcast #499

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Gary Gallagher is a historian of the American Civil War. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep499-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/gary-gallagher-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Gary's UVA page: https://history.virginia.edu/people/gary-w-gallagher Gary's Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_W._Gallagher The Confederate War (book): https://amzn.to/4yletel The Union War (book): https://amzn.to/3QT1jED Lee and His Generals in War and Memory (book): https://amzn.to/4fdrbD5 Causes Won, Lost, and Forgotten (book): https://amzn.to/4wFxk1X The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History (book): https://amzn.to/4vsAogU The Great Courses - The American Civil War: https://bit.ly/4gDX3mQ *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *Upwork:* Platform for hiring freelancers. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/upwork-ep499-sb *NetSuite:* Business management software. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/netsuite-ep499-sb *Shopify:* Sell stuff online. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep499-sb *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep499-sb *BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep499-sb *Perplexity:* AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/perplexity-ep499-sb *Plaud:* AI-powered note-taking devices and software. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/plaud-ep499-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Episode highlight 1:29 - Introduction 1:52 - What caused the Civil War? 11:49 - Slavery 39:23 - Lincoln 54:19 - Grant vs Lee 1:03:13 - Could the Civil War have been avoided? 1:12:39 - The bloodiest war in US history 1:29:47 - How the Confederate Army could've won 1:50:22 - Key battles of the Civil War 2:13:23 - Best and Worst Presidents 2:27:23 - Robert E. Lee 2:46:56 - The most important battle of the Civil War 2:57:07 - The final showdown of the Civil War - Grant vs Lee 3:19:26 - Lost Cause and Confederate Monuments 3:36:54 - Extreme political division in US *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman